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D. L. SUMMEY. METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR BXTRUDING METAL. APPLICATION mum11:13.18, 191a.

sq an "UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID LONG SUMMEY, F WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO CHASE ROLLINGMILL 00., OF WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION.

METHOD OF AND MACHINE FOR EXTRUDING METAL.

, a citizen of the United States, residing at Waterbury, in the countyof New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Methods of and Machines for Extruding Metal; and I a dohereby declare the following, when taken 111;(3011118011011 with theaccompanying drawings and the characters of reference marked thereon, tobe a full,'clear, and exact description of the same,and which saiddrawings constitute part of this application, and rep resent, in

Figure 1 a view partly in plan and partly in horizontal section, anddiagrammatic in its character, of one form-which an extru- 'sion machineconstructed in-accordance with my invention may assume. Fig-2 a brokenview in side elevation of the Supplemental or stump-expelling ram andone of'the two sliding billet-carriers.

My invention relates to an improved method of, and machine for,extruding metaI tubes; rods. and the like, the object being to produceextruded metal stock ofsuperior quality and ;'acci1racy at a greatlyreduced cost, and to dispense with iercingthe billets eitherbefore orafter t eir. in-

troduction into the container ofthe "inachine so as to permit theaccurateand 'solid' positioning of the tools employed for shapmg themetal, whatever their character, PllOl to the application '-of anypressure'to the billets.

With these ends in view my invention con- I sists in the methodandmachine to be hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims. Incarrying out my invention as herein shown, I employ a cylindricalcontainer 2 traversed by a central cylindrical billetchamher 3 which isopen at both ends and of anyv desired cross-section. The said container2.is also formed with a transverse passage shaped like an hour glass,open at both ends and intersecting the said billetreceiving chamber 3midway the length thereof and ata right angle thereto This passageforms,- in eflect, a lateral opening through which the metal isextrudedfrom' Specification of Reissued Letters Patent Original No.1,011,876, dated December12, 1911, Serial No. 629,273? 18, 1913. SerialNo. 749,287.

spectively, of the conical ends of the recip rccating holders 5 and 6 ofthe die 7 and mandrel 8, the said holders'being in effect heavy pistonsor plungers operated by hydraulic cylinders 9 and 10 of any approvedconstruction and requiring no detailed descript on.

In practising my improved method, the

Reissued May 13, 1913. Application for reissue filed February holders 5and 6 are advanced until their conical forward ends are seated in theconical hers 4, whereby the die 7 and-mandrel 8 are .outer' ends of therespective centering-charm accurately located and solidly held in thepositions which they will have during the extrusion of the metalwhich isattended by great pressures. Two billets 11 and 12 shown by broken linesinFig. 1, and preferably heated, are now placed as nearlysimultaneously. as possible, upon sliding billetcarriers each consistingof a horizontal shelf L3 and a collar 14, and respectively mounted uponthe ends of the main or metal-extruding rams15 which are located onopposite sides of the said container- 2 and arranged in line with-eachother and in line with the billet-receiving chamber 3 with which theyare concentric. The billets are solid, and by theterm solid I refer totheir condition which is sufficiently rigid to retain their shape whilebeing introduced intothe chamber'and not to the shape-or form of thebillet, :which, if desired, may be perforated or hollow.

The main rams 15 are now s'imultaneously'advanced at the same speedtoward the container 2. As soon as the ends of the shelves 13.0f thebillet-carriers strike the opposite faces ofthe container 2, thesaidcarriers stop but the rams continue to move forward through them,whereby the billets are gradually pushed ofl the-carriers and enteredinto the opposite ends 'of-the'billetreceiving chamber 3. During thistime the two main rams 15, are operated under low pressures, but whentheibillets have been fully introduced into the opposite endsof thechamber 3,-'high pressures ofwater are eimultaneousl thrown on the saidrams, whereby the illets are forced inward and caused-to weld togetherand flow around the mandrel 8 into the die (and thence outward in theform of a'concentric tube through a passage 16 in the holder 5 in whichthe die 7 is mounted. After the completion of the extrusion operation,the said main rams 15 are moved outward into their charging positions inreadiness for the reception of fresh billets upon their billet-warriorsand the holders and G are moved outward into their clearance pesitionsfor the expulsion from the chamber 3 of the stump which is the termemployed to describe the tag-end of metal which does not extrude.

For the expulsion of the stump I provide, as herein shown, a pivotalsupplemental or stump-expelling ram 17 made as long as the chamber 3 andprojecting from a yoke 18 the arms of which are secured by plvots 19 toblocks 20 fastened to the inner face of the main cross-head 21 employedto guide the left hand ram 15 as will be described later on. During theextrusion operation the said supplemental ram 17 is held in an elevatedposition as shown in F 1g; 2, but preparatory to the expulsion of thestump it is let down into a horizontal position as shown in Fig. 1 afterwhich the left hand ram 15 is advanced by itself with the'efi'ect ofpushing the ram 17 through the chamber 3 from which it expels everyvestige of unextruded metal. The left hand ram 15 is then retired andthe supplemental ram 17 raised preparatory to the repetition of theextrusion process. After the supplemental ram 17 has been lifted intoits elevated position, the billet carriers are manually slid forwardupon the main rams 15 into their projected or billet-receivingpositions.

In order that the two main rams 15 may be advanced at exactly the samespeed and that any tendency to depart from synchronism of speed may beimmediately corrected, I employ two pairs of speed-controlling cylinders23, 23, and 26, 26. The cylinders 23, 23, are located on opposite sidesof the main cylinder [24 containing the main piston 25 carrying thecross-head'21 before mentioned, while the cylinders 26, 26, are locatedon opposite sidesofthe main cylinder 26 containing the main piston 27carrying a crosshead 28-supporting the right hand ram 15. The twocylinders 23 carry pistons 30'mount ed upon piston rods 31 the forwardends of which are connected with the opposite ends of the cross-head 21,which'thus serves to coupletogether the pistons 30 and the main mountedupon rods 33 the inner ends of piston 25 :Similarly the 4speedcontrolling cylinders 26., are provided with pistons 32 which-areconnected with the opposite ends of "the'cross-he 'ad'28- which thusserves to couple together the pistons 32 with the main piston 27. Inorder that any tendency on the part of'the two rams 15 to move atdifferent speeds-may be immediately corrected, the outer ends of thecontrolling cylinders 23 are connected-by a pipe 34 with the inner endsof the cylinders 26, while the inner ends of the cylinders 26 areconnected by a pipe open to permitwater pipes to make up for any loss byevaporamally held closed by with the outer ends of the cylinders 23. Thepipes 34 and 35 are normally kept full of water 'which acts as a solidconnection be tween the two pairs of speed-controlling cylinders andtheir pistons. Now as the pistons 30 are coupled with the, main piston25 through the cross-head 21, and as the pistons 32 are coupled withthe. main piston 27 through the cross-head 28, the pistons '30 and-82must advance at the same speed as the pistons 25 and 27, which theycannot do unless the water displaced by the inward movement of thepistons 30 is precisely equal to the amount of water displaced by theinward movementof the pistons 32,. all of the speed-controllingcylinders and their p '1s-- tons and rods being of the same size. Now iffor any reason one of the rams 15 meets with less resistance than theother, the tend- 'ency will be for it to move faster than the other.This tendency, however, will be immediately checked and corrected forthe reason that the ram 15 meeting with'less resistance cannot moveforward faster than the Water in the speed-controlling cylindersconnected with it can be transferred to the. outer ends of the otherspeed-controlling cylinders, and this cannot take place until the otherspeed-controlling cylinders can be prepared to accommodate the excess ofwater by the forward movement of their-pis tons. In other words, 34 and35 acts, as above stated, in effect as a solid body to transfer energyfrom the main ram moving too rapidly to the main ram moving. too slowly,whereby the-ram moving too rapidly receives an excess of load, and isthus checked, while the other ram is accelerated in speed. In this waywhen one ram tends to gain in speed a load is immediately put upon itwhich synchronizes its speed with the other ram, and vice versa.

the water in the pipes I In order to keep the pipes 34 and35 at alltimes filled with Water, I provide them with water-supply check valves36, of any approved construction, v

to flow into the said tion' or leakage, these valves automaticallyclosing to prevent any escape of water durmg the-operation of theapparatus; The

which automatically pipes 34 and 35 are also provided with reliefcheck-valves 37 opening outwardly,'bi1t nora predetermined externalwater pressure'equivalent to-a maximum water pressure above which ittisdesigned that the pressure of water inthe pipes 34:1

and35 and'the cylinders 23, 23, and 26,126, shall not be-carried. Incase thepressure; in tlie'sai'd cylinders and pipes passesvthispredetermined maximum-pressure, the check valves 37 automatically openoutwardly and afford the desired relief.

' The reason why it is highly important that the main rams 15 shalladvance at a uniform speed, is that it is desirable that the two billetsin the billet-receiving chamber 3 shall be extruded at uniform speeds soas to produce the highest quality of extruded stock.

I particularly wish to point out that un' der my improved method, theforming tools, whatever their character may be, are accurately andsolidly positioned with respectto to the container prior to theintroduction of the billets and before the pressures are appliedthereto, and this without piercing the billets after their introductioninto the container or casting them hollow as has heretofore been done.

Thus far I havereferred only to the ex trusion of metal, but my improvedmachine might also be used for the extrusion of other material, such asglass, some clays, such as fibrous asphaltic clay, compositions, etc.The gist of my invention resides in simultaneously subjecting aplurality of heated solid billets to inward pressure and forcing themetal of the several billets to flow around forming tools one of whichis retired for the purpose of cooling it and permitting the removal ofthe stump of unextruded'metal, the metal of the several billets'beingfused and welded as it flows around the forming tools and assumes itsextruded shape.

I claim l. A method of extruding metal consisting in the following cycleof steps, first, positioning a forming tool in a billet rec-eivingchamber, then introducing solid billets into the said chamber onopposite sides of the said tool, then subjecting the billets to pressureto cause the metal to be shaped by the said tool, and then retiring thetool for the expulsion of the unextruded stump of metal from the chamberwhich is thus left empty preparatory to the repetition of the cycle.

2. A method of extruding metal consisting in the following cycle ofsteps, first, positioning forming tools in the billet-receiving chamber,then introducing solid billets into the said chamber on opposite sidesof the said tools, then subjecting the billets to pressure to cause themetal to be shaped by, the said tools, and then retiring one of thetools for the expulsion of the.unextruded stump of metal from thechamber which is. thus left empty preparatory to the repetition of thecycle. 4

3. A method of extruding metal consisting in the following cycle ofsteps, first, positioning a mandrel in a billet-receiving chamberfurnished with a complementary die, then introducing solid billet-s intothe said chamber on opposite-sides of the said mandrel and die, thensubjecting the billets to pressure to cause the metal to Weld and beshaped by the-said mandrel and die as it is extruded through the die,and then retiring the said mandrel for the expulsion of the unextrudedstump qt metal from the chamber which is thus left empty preparatory tothe repetition of the cycle.

4. A method of-extrud-ing metal consistin in the following cycle ofsteps, first, positioning a mandrel in a billet-receiving chamber havingopen billet-receiving ends and furnished with a complementary die, thenintroducing a plurality of solid billets into each of the open ends ofthe said chamber and therefore on opposite sides of the said mandrel anddie, then subjecting the billets to pressure to cause'the metal of thebillets to weld and flow around the said mandrel and through the saiddie, and then retiring the said mandrel for'the expulsion of theunextruded stump of metal. from the chamber which is thus left empty therepetition of the cycle.

5. A method of extruding metal consisting in the following cycle ofsteps, first, positioning a forming-tool in a billet-receiving chamber,then introducing solid billets into the said chamber on opposite sidesof the said tool, then subjecting the outer ends of the billets to ramsthe relative pressure movements of which are hydraulically controlled tocause the metal to be shaped by the said tool as it emerges from thechamber, and then retiring the tool for the expulsion of the unextrudedstump of metal from the chamber which is'thus left empty preparatory tothe repetition of the cycle;

6. A method of extruding metal,'consist lng 1n positioning metal-shapingtoolsin a billet-receiving chamber in a container, then introducingbillets into the opposite ends of the said chamber, then subject ng thebillets to inward pressure for forcingthem upon the said tools andextruding them through an opening in the side of the container, thenretiring the metal-shaping tools from the said chamber, and thenexpelling the unextruded metal from the chamber preparatory to repeatingthe process.

7. n a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a container, ofa metalextruding ram, and a sup lemental ram forexpelling the unextrudemetal from the container.

. 8. In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a container,of a metalextruding ram, and a pivotally mounted stump-expelling rainfor expelling the un extruded metal from the container.

9. In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a containerhaving a billet-receiving chamber, of a metal-extruding ram, and astump-expelling ram operated by the said metal-extruding ram andcorrespondingin length to the length of the said chamber.

10. In a. machine for extruding metal, the combination with a containerhaving a billet-receiving chamber open at both ends and having a'lateralopening through which the metal is extruded, of two metal-extruding ramsarranged in line with the opposite ends of the said chamber, means foroperating the said rams, and a stump-expelling ram connected with one ofthe metal-extrud .ing rams for operation thereby and equal in length tothe length of the said chamber.

,11. In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a metalextruding ram, of a container, a billet carrier mounted thereupon forsupporting. the billets while they are being introduced into thecontainer.

12. In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a container,of a metalextruding ram, and a sliding billet-carrier consisting of ashelf located beneath the ram, and a sleeve encircling the ram andsliding thereupon.

13. In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a containerhaving a billet-receiving chamber, of two metal-ex truding-rams arrangedto enter the opposite ends of the said chamber which has a lateralopening through which the metal is extruded, and hydraulicspeed-controlling cylinders connected with the said rains and with eachother for synchronizing the speed at'which the rams advance into thesaid chamber.

.and vice versa, for controlling the speed, at which the said rams-aresaid chamber.

advanced into the 15. In a machine for extruding metal, the combinationwith a container having 'a billet-receiving chamber open at both ends,

of rams arranged to enter the opposite ends of the said chamber, a maincylinder and. a

piston for each ram, a cross-head carried by each piston, a pair ofspeed-controlling cyllnders for each ram the piston rods of thespeed-controlling cylinders being cbnnected with the respectivecross-heads, and pipes connecting the inner ends of one pair of thespeed-controlling cylinders with the outer ends of the other pair of thespeed-controlling cylinders, and vice versa.

16. In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a containerhaving a billet-receiving chamber open at both ends, of rams arran ed toenter the opposite ends of the said cy inders, speed-controllingcylinders respectively connected with the said rams and with each other,and valyes for supplying water to the speed-controlling cylinders andsafe-guarding the same when the pressure passes above a predeterminedmaximum.

17 In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with a container"having a billet-receiving chamber open at both ends,

of rams arranged toenter the opposite ends I of the said chamber, a pairof speed-controlling cylinders having their piston-rods pro-' jectingthrough their outer ends for the egualization of volumes on the oppositesides 0 their pistons, pipes connectingthe outer ends of one pair ofcylinders with the inner I to flow around forming tools, and thenretiring one of the forming tools for the purpose of cooling the sameand removing the stump, the metal of the several billets being -fusedand welded as it flows around the forming tools and assumes. itsextruded shape.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification 'in thePresence-of two subscribing witnesses.

DAVID LONG SUMMEY.

Witnessesz- FRANK B, NOBLE, 'IRENE Know.

